| Word | Description |
| Ablative Coating | A coating that wears away in service by design often Anti-Fouling is an ablative coating. |
| Abrasion resistance | Resistance to mechanical wear |
| Abrasive | The agent used for abrasive blast cleaning, for example sand or grit |
| Absorption | Process of soaking up, or assimilation of one substance by another. Process of attraction to a surface ; the retention of foreign molecules on the surface of a substrate . |
| Accelerator | Catalyst, hardener, accelerator, curing agent, reactor; a material which accelerates a reaction |
| Acid Number | A numerical index of free acid in an oil or resin |
| Acrylic | Coating based on a polymer containing short chain esters of acrylic and methacrylic acid e.g AWLCRAFT¨ 2000 is an acrylic resin cross-linked with an isocyanate resin (acrylic urethane). |
| Activator | Term used for the converter or curing agent. A required component in a coating’s mix. Catalyst, hardener, accelerator, curing agent, reactor; a material which reacts with another material to turn aliquid coating to a solid coating. |
| Additives | Any one of a number of special chemicals added to paint to bring about special effects. |
| Adhesion | Bonding strength ; the attraction of a coating to the substrate. The phenomenon by which one material is attached to another by means of surface attraction. |
| Adsorption | Process of attraction to a surface; attachment. The retention of foreign molecules on the surface of a substance. |
| Air Cap | The structure at the front of a spray nozzle which directs compressed air against the paint to form and shape an atomized cloud of droplets. Air nozzle ; perforated housing for atomizing air at head of spray gun |
| Air drying | Dries by oxidation or evaporative drying by simple exposure |
| Air entrapment | Inclusion of air bubbles in paint film |
| Air Spray | System of applying paint in the form of tiny droplets in air; paint is broken into droplets (i.e. atomized) by a spray gun as a result of being forced into a high velocity air stream. Shape and paint density of the resulting droplet cloud can be controlled by air pressure, paint viscosity, and gun tip geometry. Air spray is preferred for applying AWLGRIP¨ Topcoats. |
| Airless Spray | System of applying paint in which the paint, under high pressure, is passed through a nozzle and broken into droplets (i.e. atomized) when it enters the lower pressure region outside the gun tip. A much smaller volume of air is used than in conventional air spraying so that problems of dry spray and paint bounce-back are reduced. Airless spray is preferred for HULL-GARD¨ Primers and AWLSTAR(TM) Anti-Foulings. |
| Airless spraying | Spraying without atomizing air, using hydraulic pressure |
| Alkyd | Resins prepared by reacting alcohols and acids. Synthetic binder soluble in white spirit. |
| Alligatoring | Surface imperfections of paint having the appearance of alligator hide |
| Ambient temperature | Room temperature or temperature of surroundings |
| Amine Sweat - | A layer of amine carbomate that can form on the surface of an epoxy after application, usually caused by high humidity. Must be removed prior to overcoating. A thin sticky film which forms on the surface of a epoxy coat caused by inadequate curing temperatures and/or high humidity |
| Anchor pattern | Profile, surface roughness |
| Antifouling | Bottom paint ; Paints formulated especially for below-water-line surfaces and structures to prevent the growth of barnacles and other organisms on ships' bottoms |
| Application marks | Poor quality application tools. Temperature too hot causing Paint to Cure too quickly and not allowing the product to flow naturally. Temperature too cold making the product too thick and difficult to distribute evenly. |
| Atomization | Formation of tiny droplets of liquid as in paint spraying process; atomization is usually caused by turbulence in an air stream, or sudden drop in pressure. |
| Barrier Coat | Coat used to allow application of a paint which is not compatible with an existing scheme |
| Base | Refers to the usual larger volume size of a two-pack system - usually the non-activator part. May also refer to any bare surface to be painted |
| Binder | Resing, Film Binder , Vehicle |
| Biocide | Active ingredient added to antifouling to repel/discourage fouling. |
| Bituminous Coating | Coal tar or asphalt based coating |
| Blast Angle | Angle to nozzle with reference to surface ; also angle of particle propelled from wheel with reference to surface |
| Blast Cleaning | Cleaning with propelled abrasives. Also can be called slurry blasting using sand or glass in water. |
| Bleeding | Discolouration of finished paint due to migration of unwanted species through the paint coating. |
| Blistering | Bubbling in dry or partially dry paint film .The formation of hollow bubbles or water droplets in a paint film; usually caused by the expansion of air or moisture trapped beneath the film. Blisters can form around salt crystals trapped under a paint film because salt attracts moisture. |
| Blooming | Whitening, moisture blush, blushing |
| Blushing | White milky appearance on film |
| Body | Viscosity; middle or under (coat) |
| Bonding | Adhesion |
| Bottom Paint | Anti-fouling ; Paints formulated especially for below-water-line surfaces and structures to prevent the growth of barnacles and other organisms on ships' bottoms |
| Boxing | Mixing by pouring from one container to another |
| Break-Free Rinse: | When the rinse water sheets out over a surface with no holes, breaks, or “pull backs” after cleaning. This indicates the surface is clean; free of dirt, wax, grease, oil and other contaminants. Also known as a water break-free surface. |
| Bridging | Forming a skin over a depression |
| Brittleness | Degree of resistance to cracking or breaking by bending |
| Brushability | Ease of brushing |
| Bubbling | A term used to describe the appearance of bubbles on the surface while a coating is being applied |
| Bulking agent | Filler, extender ; ingredients added to paint to increase coverage, reduce cost, achieve durability, alter appearance and influence other desirable properties. |
| Burnish | Where a paint film has been rubbed to produce a smooth polished finish |
| Cat-eye | Hole shaped like a cat's eye ; cratering |
| Catalyst | Chemical used to change the rate of a chemical reaction; catalyst differs from a converter/curing agent in that the catalyst is not itself chemically consumed in the reaction while a curing agent is consumed; technically, catalysts that increase reaction rates are called accelerators; those which decrease reaction rates are called inhibitors or retarders. Often used incorrectly to identify converters or co-reactants in two component coatings. See Converter - the American term. |
| Cathodic Protection | Corrosion prevention by sacrificial anodes, usually a zinc alloy |
| Chalking | Poor gloss, powdery surface. Powdering of surface |
| Checking | Slight V-shaped breaks appear in a paint film due to uneven shrinkage through the cross section of a coat of paint. Type of failure in which cracks in the film begin at the surface and progress downward; the result is usually a straight V-shaped crack which is narrower at the bottom than the top. Checking is a method for relieving surface stresses. If the underlying surface is exposed, the failure is called cracking. |
| Chipping | 1. Cleaning steel using special hammers 2. Type of paint failure |
| Chlorinated Rubber | A particular film former used as a binder made by chlorinating natural rubber |
| Cissing | Fish eyes ; small causer-like depressions in a paint film |
| Cleaner | Solvent for cleaning paint equipment |
| Coat Tar Epoxy Paint | Paint made of a combination of coal tar with epoxy resin |
| Coat Tar Urethane Paint | Paint made of a combination of coal tar with urethane resin |
| Cobwebbing | Premature drying causing a spider web effect when spraying, (paint dries before it hits the substrate) |
| Colour Retention | Ability to retain original colour |
| Compatibility | Ability to mix with or adhere properly to other components |
| COMPRESSIVE MODULUS | The measure of elasticity in a compressed state. A low modulus material would be more likely to deform before breaking. |
| COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH | Maximum compressive load which a material is capable of resisting before breaking. |
| Converter | Co-reactant of the base in a two component coating; often—but not always—transparent, containing only resin and solvent. When the base and converter are mixed in different volumes, the converter quantity is usually listed second, after the base quantity. Converters are often called catalyst, activator, or hardener. |
| Copolymer | In anti-fouling coatings, an ablative anti-fouling with the toxin chemically bound to the polymer. |
| Corrosion | Decomposition of a metal in contact with its environment. Decay ; oxidation, deterioration due to interaction with environments. |
| Coverage | The area a given unit of paint will cover at a specified thickness. |
| Coverage Rate | Non technical number that tells you how much area you can paint with a given volume of material |
| Cracking | Splitting ; disintergration of paint by breaks through film |
| Cratering | Formation of holes or deep impressions in paint film |
| Crawling | Shrinking of paint to form uneven surface |
| Crazing | Appearance of shattered glass.A pattern of tiny cracks in the surface of a gelcoat |
| Cross-Linking | A particular method by which chemicals unite to form films. Method by which polymers unite to form a protective film; the method of cure in two component enamels. |
| Cure | The process by which paint is converted from the liquid to the solid state. Hardening |
| Curing Agent | Catalyst, hardener, activator, accelerator, reactor ; a material that reacts with another to convert a liquid coating to a solid coating. |
| Curtain Call | The time at which gravity overcomes a coating’s film forming properties, resulting in sags or curtains. |
| Curtaining | Sagging ; excessive flow of paint on vertical surfaces causing imperfections with thick lower edges in the paint film, not as excessive as runs. |
| Degreaser | Chemical solution for grease removal |
| Density - | Ratio of weight to volume |
| Dew Point | The temperature at which water vapor condenses from the air; the dew point varies with relative humidity. Temperature at which moisture condenses, making painting impossible. |
| Dilatant | A type of viscosity that increases as you agitate the product. |
| Distinction Of Image | Measurement of the clarity of the coating by its ability to reflect the image of a given object |
| Distinction of Image (DOI) | The quality of the reflection in a high-gloss finish. The mirror effect of the finish. |
| DOI | Distinction Of Image ; measurement of the clarity of the coating by its ability to reflect the image of a given object |
| Dry Film Thickness (DFT): | The film thickness of paint after all the solvent has evaporated from the wet paint. |
| Dry Spray | Sprayed paint which loses so much solvent in the air that it becomes too dry to flow out over the surface; dry spray usually has a lower gloss than the properly sprayed surface. Overspray, bounce back ; sand finish due to paint particles being partially dried before reaching the surface |
| Dry to Handle | Time interval between application and ability to handle without damage. |
| Dry to Recoat | Time interval between application and ability to receive next coat satisfactorily. |
| Dry to Touch | Time interval between application and tack-free time. |
| Drying Time | Time interval between application and final cure. |
| Dulling | Loss of gloss or sheen |
| Electrolytic Corrosion | Decomposition of a metal when it is in contact with an electric current. |
| Electrostatic Spray | Spraying with electric charge attracts paint on surface |
| ELONGATION AT BREAK | Percentage of increase in length of epoxy as failure under tension. |
| Emulsion Paint | Water based paint with an emulsified resin vehicle |
| Enamel | 1.) A paint which forms a film by chemical union of its component molecules during cure; 2.) In shop terminology, any paint which is not a lacquer. 3) Pigmented varnish ; any hard, glossy coatings |
| Epoxy | Type of paint, adhesive or plastic noted for high mechanical strength, good adhesion and resistance to solvents, acids, alkalis, and corrosion. Synthetic thermosetting resin containing epoxy groups.Epoxies do not weather well. |
| Erosion | Wearing away of paint films |
| Ester | An ester is a product of the reaction of an acid (usually organic) and an alcohol (the hydrogen of the acid R-COOH is replaced by an alkyl group R"). Esters mainly result from the condensation (this is, a reaction that produces water) of a carboxylic acid and an alcohol. The process is called esterification. |
| Evaporation | To change from a liquid or solid state to a vapour |
| Extender | Filler, bulking agent ; ingredients added to paint to increase coverage, reduce cost, achieve durability, alter appearance and influence other desirable properties. |
| External Mix | Spray equipment in which fluid air joins outside of aircap |
| Fade | Reduction in brightness of colour |
| Fadeometer | Device for measuring colour retention or fade resistance |
| Fairing Compound | Filler putty used to fill surface depressions and shape forms until they are fair or smooth. |
| Fallout (Spray) | Overspray |
| Feather Edge | Tapered edge |
| Filler | Extender, bulking agent; ingredients added to paint to increase coverage, reduce cost, achieve durability, alter appearance and influence other desirable properties |
| Filler Primer | Heavy paint applied to fill holes or other irregularities in a surface prior to topcoating. |
| Film | Any single coat or layer of paint applied to a surface, rather than a 'paint scheme' |
| Film Build | Dry film thickness characteristics per coat. |
| Film Former | A substance which forms a skin or membrane when dried from a liquid state |
| Film Integrity | Degree of continuity of film |
| Film Thickness Gauge | Device for measuring film thickness above substrate; dry or wet film thickness gauges are available. |
| Film Thickness guage | Device for measuring film thickness above substrate ; dry or wet film thickness gauges are available |
| Fish Eyes | Small holes in the paint film. Cratering |
| Flaking | Disintegration in small flakes |
| Flash Point | The lowest temperature at which a given flammable material will flash if a flame or spark is present. |
| Flash Rusting | Rapid surface rusting of freshly prepared steel usually caused by rainwater, condensation or grit blasting |
| Flashing | Non-uniform sheen is noted in irregular areas caused by inadequate and non-uniform priming and resultant loss of vehicle into substrate |
| FLEXURAL STRENGTH | The ability of a material to resist bending. (Combination of Compressive, Three points of force are applied to epoxy, Tensile and Shear Strength) the stress needed to break the epoxy is measured. A higher number denotes a stronger material. |
| Floating | Separation of pigment colours on surface |
| Flow | Product's ability to self level. |
| Fluid Needle: | The stop/start valve for fluid flow through the fluid tip. |
| Fluid Tip | Orifice in a spray gun into which a fluid needle is seated. The paint exits the spray gun at the fluid tip. |
| Force Drying | Acceleration of drying time by increasing the temperature and forced air circulation |
| Galvanic Corrosion | Corrosion of dissimilar metals in electrical contact |
| Galvanising | The coating of iron and steels with a layer of zinc and iron-zinc compounds, by immersion in a bath of molten zinc. |
| Gel Time | The time for a liquid to turn to a solid during a chemical reaction. |
| Gelcoat | Outermost pigmented polyester layer on glassfibre structures. Protective outer resin layer on glass reinforced polyester laminates (GRP) |
| Gloss | Sheen ; ability to reflect ; brightness |
| Gloss Reaction | Ability to retain original sheen |
| Grit | An abrasive obtained from slag and various other materials |
| Hardener | Curing agent, catalyst, activator, accelerator, reactor ; non technical term used to describe the usual smaller part of a two pack system that is added to the "base" to initiate a cure. |
| Hardness | The agent used for abrasive blast cleaning, for example sand or grit |
| Hiding Power | The ability of a paint to mask the color or pattern of a surface. |
| High Build Coatings | Paints that can be applied at comparatively high wet film thicknesses |
| High Solids Paint | Coatings that comply with regulations limiting the amount of volatile (organic solvents) materials in their composition. High Solids Coatings are generally more than 50% solids by volume. AWLGRIP¨ 2 is a High Solids Coating. |
| Holiday | Pinhole ; skip ; discontinuity. A bit you missed when painting! |
| Humidity | Level of moisture in the air |
| HVLP | High Volume Low Pressure. |
| Impact Resistance | A measure of resistance to a blow ; ability to resist deformation from impact |
| Incompatibility | Inability to mix with or adhere to another material. |
| Induction | The time period required for the mixed base and converter components to cross-link chemically. Products requiring induction periods before application will not perform as designed without this waiting period. |
| Intercoat Adhesion | The ability of each coat of paint to stick to the preceding coat. |
| Intercoat Contamination | Presence of foreign matter between coats |
| INTERLAMINAR SHEAR STRENGTH | The ability of the resin to hold two adjacent layers together under lateral loads. |
| Isocyanate Resins | Resins characterized by NCO grouping. Isocyanate resins are used in polyurethane converters. AWL-CAT¨ #2 and AWL-CAT¨ #3 contain isocyanate resin. |
| Kreb Unit | Units of viscosity |
| Lacquer | 1.) Traditionally a paint which contains a synthetic resin and forms a film by solvent loss; the film remains susceptible to attack by the same or similar solvents; there is no chemical reaction or curing by the polymer. 2.) Coatings that dry by solvent evaporation |
| Lapping | Uneven color or sheen difference in dried paint film |
| Leafing | Orientation of pigment flakes in horizontal places |
| Lifting | Softening and raising of an undercoat by application of a topcoat. Wrinkling of top coat or lifting of undercoat. Like the action of a solvent paint remover |
| Linear Polymer | Polymer containing little or no branching (e.g. high density polyethylene and nitrocellulose of acrylic lacquers). |
| M & R | Abreviation for Maintenance and Repair |
| Mandrel Test | A physical bending test for adhesion and flexibility |
| Metamerism | A colour that displays different tones (usually a red / green shift) under daylight and synthetic light |
| Micron | 1/1000 millimetre. |
| Milage | Coverage rate ; square feet per gallon at a given thickness |
| Miscible | Capable of mixing or blending uniformly |
| Mist-Coat | Thin coat |
| Mix Ratio | The (usually volume) mixing ratio for a two or more part product |
| MSDS | Abreviation for Material Safety Data Sheets |
| Mud-cracking | Irregular cracking as in a dried mud puddle |
| Non-flammable | Incombustible |
| Nonvolatile | Solid ; non-evaporating ; the portion of a paint left after the solvent evaporates |
| Opacity | Hiding power |
| Orange Peel | Dimpled appearance of dried film; resembling an orange peel. |
| Orangle Peel | Dimpled appearance of dried film ; resembling orange peel |
| Osmosis | Transfer of liquid through a paint film or other membrane. |
| Overspray | Paint deposited on a surface or object during spraying of another surafce or object. |
| Oxidation | Rusting ; combination with oxygen |
| Paint | Material which when applied as a liquid to a surface, forms a solid film for the purpose of decoration and/or protection; generally a paint contains a binder(s), solvent(s) and a pigment(s); often other materials are present to give special properties to the paint film (e.g. such additives are rust inhibitors, light stabilizers, and softening agents (i.e. plasticizers). |
| Peeling | Failure in which paint curls from substrate |
| Pickles | A term sometimes used to describe what happens when a two pack paint is applied and reacts adversely with the existing one pack paint. |
| Pickling | A dipping process for cleaning steel and other metals ; the pickling agent is usually an acid |
| Pigments | Solid colouring agent |
| Pimpling | 1.) Small blisters resembling 'goose pimples' 2.) Spot repair painting ; touch up or full coats of paint before rusting starts |
| Pin-holing | Formation of small holes through the entire thickness of a coating |
| Polyester | Type of paint or plastic containing the chemical group (RCOOCT). AWLGRIP¨ Topcoats are made from polyester resins. Also a synthetic resin used for the manufacture and maintenance of glassfibre structures. |
| Polymers | Poly—meaning many, mer—meaning units; very large molecules built up by the combination of many small molecules; they often consist of many thousands of atoms. Polymers form the backbone or binder of a coating; often called resin. |
| Polyurethane | A durable synthetic resin used in single or 2 pack topcoats.Wide range of possible binder systems with unique qualities; the aliphatic type is used for the highest quality enamels. The most durable aliphatic polyurethanes are polyester resins co-reacted with an isocyanate resin. AWLGRIP¨ Topcoats are based on this chemistry. |
| Pot Life | The useful life of a 2 pack product immediately after it has been mixed. The length of time before the liquid nature of a mix changes to a solidifying gel. Usually shorter than the working time. |
| Pot-life | Time interval after mixing during which liquid material is usable with no difficulty The length of time before the liquid nature of a mix changes to a solidifying gel. Usually shorter than the working time. |
| Primer | Primer 1.) First complete coat of paint of a painting system applied to a surface. Such paints are designed to provide adequate adhesion to new surfaces or are formulated to meet the special requirements of the surfaces 2.) Type of paint applied to a surface to increase its compatibility for the topcoat or to improve adhesion or the corrosion resistance of the substrate. 3.) A paint applied to a non painted substrate to give protection. |
| Primer Surfacer | Paint used to prime a surface as well as fill irregularities. |
| Profile | Surface contour as viewed from the edge. |
| Profile Depth | Average distance between tops of peaks and bottom of valleys on the surface |
| Reactor | Curing agent, catalyst, activator, accelerator, hardener ; see Hardener above. |
| Reducer | Solvent added to a coating to reduce the viscosity and/or alter the dry time. Often called thinner. |
| Reflectance | Degree of light reflection |
| Resin | Material, natural or synthetic, contained in varnishes, lacquers, and paints; the film former. |
| Retarders | A solvent added to a paint to slow down its evaporation rate; retarders are often esters. |
| Runs | Running of wet paint in to uneven rivulets. Paint film defects in the form of sagging paint in narrow ribbons flowing downwards on vertical surfaces, usually caused by applying the coating above the recommended film thickness or overthinning |
| Rust | A reddish-brown oxide coating forming on iron or steel by the action of oxygen and moisture |
| Sacrificial Anode | An electropositive metal, such as zinc, that protects a more important electronegative part by corroding when attacked by electrolytic action |
| Sagging | Curtaining ; Excessive flow of paint on vertical surfaces causing imperfections with thick lower edges in the paint film, not as excessive as runs. |
| Sags | Partial slippage of paint in thick areas like wide runs. The downward flow of a paint as a result of being applied too thickly. |
| Sealer | Paint used to seal the substrate or previous coats and prevent interaction between subsequent coats applied |
| Settling | Caking ; sediment |
| SG | Ratio between the weight of a substance and that of the same volume of water. |
| Shade | Degree of gray tone in a colour |
| SHEAR | The tendency produced by loads to deform or fracture a member by sliding one section against another. |
| Sheen | Gloss level between 10-30% when measured on an 85° head |
| Sheeting Out | When rinse water spreads out over a surface in sheets, with no holes, breaks or “pull backs”. Also known a a water break-free or break-free surface. |
| Shelf Life | Maximum interval in which a material may be stored in usable condition |
| SHORE D HARDNESS | umerical measurement of cured epoxy hardness. A metal point is forced into the cured epoxy to measure resistance. A higher number denotes a harder surface. |
| Skinning | The formation of a tough, skin-like covering on liquid paints and varnishes when exposed to oxygen |
| Solids | The resins, pigments, and additives that form the permanent paint film after the volatile (solvents) components have evaporated. The solids content is expressed as a percentage of the total wet mix. Low V.O.C. coatings are often referred to as “High Solids”. |
| Solvent | The liquid or blend of liquids used to dissolve or disperse a paint; a true solvent is a single liquid that can dissolve the paint. A liquid in which another substance may be dissolved |
| Solving Entrapment | If solvents do not evaporate before a paint film cures, they can become trapped within the coating scheme, causes soft paint films, poor gloss and splitting |
| SPECIFIC GRAVITY | Comparison of density of material with that of water. eg: Water has a specific gravity of 1. Something with half the density of water = 0.5. |
| Splitting | Defect where a paint coating fails owing to poor cohesive (internal) strength, rather than poor adhesion. Usually caused by solvent entrapment and/or undercure |
| Spot Priming | The priming of small areas of a previously painted surface where the substrate has been exposed |
| Spray Cap | Front enclosure of a spray gun equipped with atomizing air holes. |
| Spray Head | Combination of needle, tip, and air cap. |
| Substrate | Surface to be painted. |
| Synthetic | Manufactured ; not occuring naturally |
| Tack | Degree of stickines |
| Tack Coat | A light finish coat that is allowed to dry or become tack free before subsequent heavier coverage coats are applied to the surface. |
| Tack Free | When a paint film has dried to a point where it is still soft, but not sticky. When pressure is applied to the surface, the coating will deform but not come off on the contact object. |
| Tape Adhesion | A test used to check for adhesion of a paint to a surface; the paint is scribed with an “X” or a cross-hatch line pattern and tape is applied over the scribed area; the tape is then ripped away and examined for paint which as been pulled from the surface. |
| TDS | Abreviation for Technical Data Sheet |
| TENSILE MODULUS | Measurement of the amount of stretch a material can take in relation to the ability to resist stress. e.g.: Rubber has a low modulus, steel has a high modulus. |
| TENSILE STRENGTH: | The ability a material possesses of resisting deformation by the application of a tensile (stretching) force or load. |
| Thermosetting | Becomes rigid under heat and cannot be remelted |
| Thermosplastic | Mobile or softens under heat |
| Thinner | Solvent added to a coating to reduce the viscosity and/or alter the dry time. Sometimes called Reducer. |
| Thixotropic | Defines a type of viscosity that thins as it is stirred or agitated and then sets up again when that agitation stops. |
| Tie coat | 1.) A coating with good adhesion and low reaction to bond two dissimilar coatings together. 2.) A coat of paint applied to a previous coat to improve the adhesion of subsequent coats or to prevent other surface defects e.g. bubbling of a subsequent coating |
| Tiecoat | A coating with good adhesion and low reaction to bond two dissimilar coatings together. |
| Tooth | Profile, mechanical anchorage, surface roughness |
| Topcoat | Usually the final paint film applied to a surface. The final paint applied in a coating specification. |
| Touch Dry | The stage during drying when the coating no longer feels sticky when lightly touched |
| Turpetine | Distilled pine oil, used as a cleaner, solvent or thinner for oil-based and alkyd coatings |
| Two Cloth Wiping Method | System of cleaning a surface where one cotton cloth rag is soaked in a solvent and used to wipe the surface; then a dry cloth is used to blot the surface. The second cloth lifts contaminants off the surface with the solvent it absorbs. Cloths are changed frequently to maintain maximum efficiency. |
| Two pack | Paints based on binders which cure by the chemical reaction between two components |
| Two-pack | Paints based on binders which cure by the chemical reaction between two components |
| Ultra Violet | (UV) - Light energy that can break chemical bonds leading to wear and fading of paint films. |
| Ultraviolet Stabilizers/Absorbers | Chemicals added to paint to absorb the ultraviolet radiation present in sunlight; ultraviolet radiation decomposes the polymer molecules in a paint film and thus U.V. stabilizers are used to prolong paint life. |
| Underatomized | Not dispersed or broken-up fine enough |
| Undercoat | Paint applied prior to a topcoat to give a consistent colour and surface profile. |
| Undercure | Condition where a paint coating fails to cure properly due to incorrect mixing or application in cold/damp conditions. Paint will stay soft with poor gloss |
| Urethane | 1.) Synthetic binder in an alkyd structure providing a durable topcoat. 2.) An important resin in the coatings industry. A true urethane coating is a two-component product that cures when the catalyst prompts a chemical reaction that unites the components |
| Urethanes | Type of paint or polymer characterized by the presence of ROCONHR linkages; urethanes are noted for their toughness and abrasion resistance. Usually two component coatings where an acrylic or polyester resin is co-reacted with an isocyanate resin. AWLGRIP¨ Topcoats are two component urethanes based on polyester and isocyanate resins. AWLCRAFT¨ 2000 uses an acrylic resin in place of the polyester resins. |
| Varnish | A preparation consisting of a solvent, a drying oil, and usually resin, rubber, bitumen, etc., for application to a surface where it polymerizes to yield a hard glossy, usually transparent, coating |
| Vehicle | Liquid barrier, binder; anything dissolved in the liquid portion of a paint is part of the vehicle |
| Viscometer | Device for measuring the viscosity of a liquid. Several types are in use; some measure the time for a bubble to rise, or a ball to fall through a column of liquid. Others measure the time required for a given volume of liquid to drain through a standard size hole in the bottom of a cup. |
| Viscosity | A measure of fluidity . The property of liquid which enables it to resist flow; a thick liquid such as molasses has a high viscosity. |
| Viscosity Cup | A device for measuring viscosity |
| VOC | The volume of volatile organic solvents in a product |
| Volatility | The defining quality of a liquid that evaporates quickly when exposed to air |
| Volume Solids | The volume percentage of a paint that is solid matter. |
| Wash Primer | A paint containing phosphoric acid which gives an etching effect for use on aluminium and galvanized steel to improve the adhesion of the subsequent layer of paint. |
| Water Blasting | Blast cleaning using high velocity water |
| Water Spotting | A surface defect caused by water droplets |
| Waterborne | A paint that uses water as a solvent or thinner. |
| Weld Slag | Deposits formed during welding |
| Weld Splatter | Beads of metal left adjoining a weld |
| Wet Edge | Keeping the paint wet enough when it is applied by brush so it can be brushed back into without showing lines or demarcations from one painted area to the next. |
| Wet Film Thickness (WFT) | The thickness of a paint film measured while it is still wet. Wet film thickness must be measured immediately after application before any solvent evaporation and the resultant film shrinkage occur. |
| Wet Rot | Decay of timber by fungi that thrive in moist wood and poorly ventilated areas |
| Wet Spray | Spraying so that surface is covered with paint that has not started to dry |
| Wrinkling | Surface resembles the skin of a prune . Film in drying stages shrinks into tiny crests and valleys in irregular pattern caused by poor application |
| Yellowing | Yellowing of white paints caused by certain gases, cleaning agents, cooking, ammonia washes and by poor selection of pigments and vehicles |
| Zinc Spraying | Similar to galvanising, molten zinc is sprayed on prepared steel using a special heated spray gun. Zinc sprayed surfaces are difficult to paint satisfactorily |